Monday, October 29, 2007
Current Status of the blog
I put in the streamlined structure to the blog today. The questions are posted in many of the chapters of organic chemistry. I shall work on other chapters from now on. In each chapter, different varieties of questions will be posted. Apart from this questions from a mix of chapters will be posted in pages earmarked for questions from all the chapters. These questions may serve the purpose of sample paper.
IIT JEE Chemistry Question Bank ch 1. THE CONCEPT OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES
General topics:
Concept of atoms and molecules;
Dalton’s atomic theory;
Mole concept; Chemical formulae; Balanced chemical equations; Calculations (based on mole concept) involving common oxidation-reduction, neutralisation, and displacement reactions;
Concentration in terms of mole fraction, molarity, molality and normality.
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Concept of atoms and molecules;
Dalton’s atomic theory;
Mole concept; Chemical formulae; Balanced chemical equations; Calculations (based on mole concept) involving common oxidation-reduction, neutralisation, and displacement reactions;
Concentration in terms of mole fraction, molarity, molality and normality.
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IIT JEE Chemistry Questions Ch.2. GASEOUS, LIQUID AND SOLID STATES
Gaseous and liquid states: Absolute scale of temperature, ideal gas equation; Deviation from ideality, van der Waals equation; Kinetic theory of gases, average, root mean square and most probable velocities and their relation with temperature; Law of partial pressures; Vapour pressure; Diffusion of gases.
Solid state: Classification of solids, crystalline state, seven crystal systems (cell parameters a, b, c, alpha, beta, gamma), close packed structure of solids (cubic), packing in fcc, bcc and hcp lattices; Nearest neighbours, ionic radii, simple ionic compounds, point defects.
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Solid state: Classification of solids, crystalline state, seven crystal systems (cell parameters a, b, c, alpha, beta, gamma), close packed structure of solids (cubic), packing in fcc, bcc and hcp lattices; Nearest neighbours, ionic radii, simple ionic compounds, point defects.
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IIT JEE Chemistry Questions Ch.3. ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Atomic structure :
Bohr model,
spectrum of hydrogen atom,
quantum numbers;
Wave-particle duality,
de Broglie hypothesis;
Uncertainty principle;
Qualitative quantum mechanical picture of hydrogen atom,
shapes of s, p and d orbitals;
Electronic configurations of elements (up to atomic number 36);
Aufbau principle;
Pauli’s exclusion principle and
Hund’s rule;
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Direct theory questions
1. Explain the following terms
a. Energy level
b. Sublevel
c. orbital
d.aufbau order
e. Hund's rule
f. principal quantum number
g. secondary quantum number
h. magentic quantum number
i. spin quantum number
j. Pauli exclusion principle
2. What is Bohr theory of atomic struncture?
3. Wuat is the quantum mechanical theory or model of atomic structure?
Aplication questions
1. How does Hund's rule explain the fact that oxygen has two unpaired electrons?
2. Explain why the maximum number of electrons in the fifth energy level is 50 (2*2^2).
3. Tell what is wrong in the following set of quantum numbers
2,2,0, +1/2
Bohr model,
spectrum of hydrogen atom,
quantum numbers;
Wave-particle duality,
de Broglie hypothesis;
Uncertainty principle;
Qualitative quantum mechanical picture of hydrogen atom,
shapes of s, p and d orbitals;
Electronic configurations of elements (up to atomic number 36);
Aufbau principle;
Pauli’s exclusion principle and
Hund’s rule;
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Direct theory questions
1. Explain the following terms
a. Energy level
b. Sublevel
c. orbital
d.aufbau order
e. Hund's rule
f. principal quantum number
g. secondary quantum number
h. magentic quantum number
i. spin quantum number
j. Pauli exclusion principle
2. What is Bohr theory of atomic struncture?
3. Wuat is the quantum mechanical theory or model of atomic structure?
Aplication questions
1. How does Hund's rule explain the fact that oxygen has two unpaired electrons?
2. Explain why the maximum number of electrons in the fifth energy level is 50 (2*2^2).
3. Tell what is wrong in the following set of quantum numbers
2,2,0, +1/2
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions Ch.5. BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Orbital overlap and covalent bond;
Hybridisation involving s, p and d orbitals only;
Orbital energy diagrams for homonuclear diatomic species;
Hydrogen bond;
Polarity in molecules, dipole moment (qualitative aspects only);
VSEPR model and shapes of molecules (linear, angular, triangular, square planar, pyramidal, square pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, tetrahedral and octahedral).
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Theory Questions
Orbital overlap and covalent bond;
1. State the octet rule?
2. What are the instances where octet rule was found inadequate?
3. What is covalent bond?
4. What is coordinate covalent bond?
5. Name some molecules of having same atoms that have double bond.
6. Name some molecules of having same atoms that have triple double bond.
7. Name some compounds where N atom does not complete it octet.
8. do covalent bonds have directional character.
9. what is a coordinate bond?
10. give some examples of molecules having coordinate bonds.
Hybridisation involving s, p and d orbitals only;
1. Explain the need for the concept of hybridization?
2. Exlain the concept of hybridization.
3.
Orbital energy diagrams for homonuclear diatomic species;
VSEPR model and shapes of molecules (linear, angular, triangular, square planar, pyramidal, square pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, tetrahedral and octahedral).
1. What is VSEPR formulated? What does it try to explain?
2. What are the postulates of VSEPR theory?
3. What is the strength of repulsive forces over various possible pairs of electrons?
4.Why there are distortions in certain molecules from standard geometrical shapes indicated by the number of electron pairs?
5. Give examples of molecules that have linear arrangement of atoms.
6. Give examples of molecules that have trigonal planar arrangement of atoms.
7. Give examples of molecules that have tetrahedral arrangement of atoms.
8.Give examples of molecules that have trigonal bipyramidal arrangement of atoms.
9. Give examples of molecules that have octahedral arrangement of atoms.
10. Give examples of molecules that have pentagonal bipyramidal arrangement of atoms.
11. Give the geometrical shapes for molecules havng 2 to 7 electronic pairs around the central atom in a molecule.
Polarity in molecules, dipole moment (qualitative aspects only);
Hydrogen bond;
Concepts
1. State the octet rule?
2. What are the instances where octet rule was found inadequate?
3. Give important features of valence bond theory.
4. give different overlaps between 's' and 'p' orbitals and also give one example of each.
5. Explain the need for the concept of hybridization?
6. Exlain the concept of hybridization.
7. Explain the formation of sigma bond.
8.Explain the formation of pi bond.
9. Define bond energy?
10. What is ionic bond?
11. What is covalent bond?
12. What is coordinate covalent bond?
Applications and Examples
1. Why is H-F bond polar?
2. Give the geometry of hyubridised orbital in the following compounds.
a. Methane
b. water
c. ethyne
d. Boron trifluoride
e. Ammonia
f. BeF-2
g. ethene
3. Why bond angle in ammonia molecule is less than the expected tetrahedral bond angle?
4. There is only one pi-bond in ethylene molecule but here are two pi-bonds in the acytylene moecule. Explain.
5. Why a sigma bond is stronger than pi-bond?
6. The bond energy of PCl-3 is larger than the bond energy ni PCl-5. Why?
7. Bond energy in HF is larger than HI. Why?
8. Why H-O-H bond angle in water molecule is reduced to 104° 35'?
Hybridisation involving s, p and d orbitals only;
Orbital energy diagrams for homonuclear diatomic species;
Hydrogen bond;
Polarity in molecules, dipole moment (qualitative aspects only);
VSEPR model and shapes of molecules (linear, angular, triangular, square planar, pyramidal, square pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, tetrahedral and octahedral).
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Theory Questions
Orbital overlap and covalent bond;
1. State the octet rule?
2. What are the instances where octet rule was found inadequate?
3. What is covalent bond?
4. What is coordinate covalent bond?
5. Name some molecules of having same atoms that have double bond.
6. Name some molecules of having same atoms that have triple double bond.
7. Name some compounds where N atom does not complete it octet.
8. do covalent bonds have directional character.
9. what is a coordinate bond?
10. give some examples of molecules having coordinate bonds.
Hybridisation involving s, p and d orbitals only;
1. Explain the need for the concept of hybridization?
2. Exlain the concept of hybridization.
3.
Orbital energy diagrams for homonuclear diatomic species;
VSEPR model and shapes of molecules (linear, angular, triangular, square planar, pyramidal, square pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, tetrahedral and octahedral).
1. What is VSEPR formulated? What does it try to explain?
2. What are the postulates of VSEPR theory?
3. What is the strength of repulsive forces over various possible pairs of electrons?
4.Why there are distortions in certain molecules from standard geometrical shapes indicated by the number of electron pairs?
5. Give examples of molecules that have linear arrangement of atoms.
6. Give examples of molecules that have trigonal planar arrangement of atoms.
7. Give examples of molecules that have tetrahedral arrangement of atoms.
8.Give examples of molecules that have trigonal bipyramidal arrangement of atoms.
9. Give examples of molecules that have octahedral arrangement of atoms.
10. Give examples of molecules that have pentagonal bipyramidal arrangement of atoms.
11. Give the geometrical shapes for molecules havng 2 to 7 electronic pairs around the central atom in a molecule.
Polarity in molecules, dipole moment (qualitative aspects only);
Hydrogen bond;
Concepts
1. State the octet rule?
2. What are the instances where octet rule was found inadequate?
3. Give important features of valence bond theory.
4. give different overlaps between 's' and 'p' orbitals and also give one example of each.
5. Explain the need for the concept of hybridization?
6. Exlain the concept of hybridization.
7. Explain the formation of sigma bond.
8.Explain the formation of pi bond.
9. Define bond energy?
10. What is ionic bond?
11. What is covalent bond?
12. What is coordinate covalent bond?
Applications and Examples
1. Why is H-F bond polar?
2. Give the geometry of hyubridised orbital in the following compounds.
a. Methane
b. water
c. ethyne
d. Boron trifluoride
e. Ammonia
f. BeF-2
g. ethene
3. Why bond angle in ammonia molecule is less than the expected tetrahedral bond angle?
4. There is only one pi-bond in ethylene molecule but here are two pi-bonds in the acytylene moecule. Explain.
5. Why a sigma bond is stronger than pi-bond?
6. The bond energy of PCl-3 is larger than the bond energy ni PCl-5. Why?
7. Bond energy in HF is larger than HI. Why?
8. Why H-O-H bond angle in water molecule is reduced to 104° 35'?
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions Ch. 6 ENERGETICS
Energetics:
First law of thermodynamics;
Internal energy, work and heat, pressure-volume work;
Enthalpy, Hess’s law;
Heat of reaction, fusion and vapourization;
Second law of thermodynamics;
Entropy;
Free energy;
Criterion of spontaneity.
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1. Define the following terms;
a. Thermodynamics.
b. Open system
c. Heat capacity
d. Heat of formation
e. Enthalpy
f. Heat of combustion
g. Heatof neutralization
h. Isothermal process
i. Isothermal process
j. Intramole energy
k. Intermole energy
l. Molar heat energy
m. Heat of reaction
n. Heat of combustion
o. Adiabatic process
p. Exothermic reaction
q. Endothermic reaction
2. State the first law of thermodynamics in its two forms.
3. Give two statements of law conservation of energy.
4. What is Kirchoff's equation?
5. How do you express a thermochemical equation?
First law of thermodynamics;
Internal energy, work and heat, pressure-volume work;
Enthalpy, Hess’s law;
Heat of reaction, fusion and vapourization;
Second law of thermodynamics;
Entropy;
Free energy;
Criterion of spontaneity.
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1. Define the following terms;
a. Thermodynamics.
b. Open system
c. Heat capacity
d. Heat of formation
e. Enthalpy
f. Heat of combustion
g. Heatof neutralization
h. Isothermal process
i. Isothermal process
j. Intramole energy
k. Intermole energy
l. Molar heat energy
m. Heat of reaction
n. Heat of combustion
o. Adiabatic process
p. Exothermic reaction
q. Endothermic reaction
2. State the first law of thermodynamics in its two forms.
3. Give two statements of law conservation of energy.
4. What is Kirchoff's equation?
5. How do you express a thermochemical equation?
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions Ch. 7. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA
Chemical equilibrium:
Law of mass action;
Equilibrium constant,
Le Chatelier's principle (effect of concentration, temperature and pressure); Significance of DG and DGo in chemical equilibrium;
Solubility product,
common ion effect,
pH and buffer solutions;
Acids and bases (Bronsted and Lewis concepts);
Hydrolysis of salts.
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Law of mass action;
Equilibrium constant,
Le Chatelier's principle (effect of concentration, temperature and pressure); Significance of DG and DGo in chemical equilibrium;
Solubility product,
common ion effect,
pH and buffer solutions;
Acids and bases (Bronsted and Lewis concepts);
Hydrolysis of salts.
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IIT JEE Chemistry Questions Ch.8 ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Electrochemistry:
Electrochemical cells and cell reactions;
Standard electrode potentials;
Nernst equation and its relation to DG;
Electrochemical series, emf of galvanic cells;
Faraday's laws of electrolysis;
Electrolytic conductance, specific, equivalent and molar conductivity, Kohlrausch's law;
Concentration cells.
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1. What electrolysis?
2. State Faraday's first law of electrolysis
3. State Faraday's second law of electrolysis.
4. What is electrochemical cell?
5.How is galvanic cell represented?
6. what is a reference electrode?
7. what is a Standard Hydrogen Electrode?
8. what is the purpose of a salt bridge?
9. Distinguish between electrolytic and electrochemical cell.
10. What is standard oxidation potential?
11. What is an electrochemical series?
12. Give the Nernst equation.
Electrochemical cells and cell reactions;
Standard electrode potentials;
Nernst equation and its relation to DG;
Electrochemical series, emf of galvanic cells;
Faraday's laws of electrolysis;
Electrolytic conductance, specific, equivalent and molar conductivity, Kohlrausch's law;
Concentration cells.
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1. What electrolysis?
2. State Faraday's first law of electrolysis
3. State Faraday's second law of electrolysis.
4. What is electrochemical cell?
5.How is galvanic cell represented?
6. what is a reference electrode?
7. what is a Standard Hydrogen Electrode?
8. what is the purpose of a salt bridge?
9. Distinguish between electrolytic and electrochemical cell.
10. What is standard oxidation potential?
11. What is an electrochemical series?
12. Give the Nernst equation.
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions Ch 9. SOLUTIONS
Solutions:
Raoult's law;
Molecular weight determination from lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point.
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Raoult's law;
Molecular weight determination from lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point.
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Sunday, October 28, 2007
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions Ch.10. CHEMICAL KINETICS
Chemical kinetics:
Rates of chemical reactions;
Order of reactions;
Rate constant;
First order reactions;
Temperature dependence of rate constant (Arrhenius equation).
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Theory
1. Define or explain each of the following concepts
a) Chemical kinetics
b) reaction rate
c) rate law
d) reaction constant
e) reaction mechanism
f) rate determining step
g) Law of Mass Action
h) Order of reaction of a reactant
i) Overall order of reaction
j) Collision theory
k) activation energy
l) catalyst
k) negative catalyst
l) inhibitor
2. What changes rate constant of a reaction for a given set of reactants?
3. What changes rate of reaction for a given set of reactants?
4. How can you predict change in rate of reaction if you know the rate law?
5. What are units of rate of reaction?
6. What is the order of a reaction? How is it determined?
7. When are the units of rate constant and rate of reaction identical?
8. Describe the behaviour of rate constant with respect to temperature?
9. what are the units of activation energy?
10. How do you measure activation energy?
Rates of chemical reactions;
Order of reactions;
Rate constant;
First order reactions;
Temperature dependence of rate constant (Arrhenius equation).
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Theory
1. Define or explain each of the following concepts
a) Chemical kinetics
b) reaction rate
c) rate law
d) reaction constant
e) reaction mechanism
f) rate determining step
g) Law of Mass Action
h) Order of reaction of a reactant
i) Overall order of reaction
j) Collision theory
k) activation energy
l) catalyst
k) negative catalyst
l) inhibitor
2. What changes rate constant of a reaction for a given set of reactants?
3. What changes rate of reaction for a given set of reactants?
4. How can you predict change in rate of reaction if you know the rate law?
5. What are units of rate of reaction?
6. What is the order of a reaction? How is it determined?
7. When are the units of rate constant and rate of reaction identical?
8. Describe the behaviour of rate constant with respect to temperature?
9. what are the units of activation energy?
10. How do you measure activation energy?
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions Ch. 11. SURFACE CHEMISTRY
Surface chemistry:
Elementary concepts of adsorption (excluding adsorption isotherms);
Colloids: types, methods of preparation and general properties;
Elementary ideas of emulsions, surfactants and micelles (only definitions and examples).
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1. What is adsorption?
2. distinguish between adsoprtion and absoprtion.
3. Distinguish between physical adsoprtion and chemical adsoprtion.
4. What is adsorbent?
5. what is adsorbate?
6. Explain the role of adsorption in catalysis.
7. Distinguish between emulsion and gel.
8. Distinguish between colloid solution and true solution.
9. Distinguish between lyophilic colloids and lyophobic colloids.
Elementary concepts of adsorption (excluding adsorption isotherms);
Colloids: types, methods of preparation and general properties;
Elementary ideas of emulsions, surfactants and micelles (only definitions and examples).
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1. What is adsorption?
2. distinguish between adsoprtion and absoprtion.
3. Distinguish between physical adsoprtion and chemical adsoprtion.
4. What is adsorbent?
5. what is adsorbate?
6. Explain the role of adsorption in catalysis.
7. Distinguish between emulsion and gel.
8. Distinguish between colloid solution and true solution.
9. Distinguish between lyophilic colloids and lyophobic colloids.
IIT JEE Chemistry Question Bank Ch.12. NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
Nuclear chemistry:
Radioactivity:
isotopes and isobars;
Properties of alpha, beta and gamma rays;
Kinetics of radioactive decay (decay series excluded), carbon dating;
Stability of nuclei with respect to proton-neutron ratio;
Brief discussion on fission and fusion reactions.
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1. Isotopes have same atomic number. State True or false.
2. What is atomic number(Z)?
3. what is Mass Number (A)?
4. What is neutron number (N)?
5. What are isobars?
6. What is mass defect?
7. What is binding energy?
8. what is radioactivity?
9. What is radioactive constant?
10. What is half life period?
11. What is artificial transmutation?
Radioactivity:
isotopes and isobars;
Properties of alpha, beta and gamma rays;
Kinetics of radioactive decay (decay series excluded), carbon dating;
Stability of nuclei with respect to proton-neutron ratio;
Brief discussion on fission and fusion reactions.
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1. Isotopes have same atomic number. State True or false.
2. What is atomic number(Z)?
3. what is Mass Number (A)?
4. What is neutron number (N)?
5. What are isobars?
6. What is mass defect?
7. What is binding energy?
8. what is radioactivity?
9. What is radioactive constant?
10. What is half life period?
11. What is artificial transmutation?
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions Ch.13. NON-METALS
JEE Syllabus
Isolation/preparation and properties of the following non-metals:
Boron,
silicon,
nitrogen,
phosphorus,
oxygen,
sulphur and
halogens;
Properties of allotropes of
carbon (only diamond and graphite),
phosphorus and
sulphur.
Isolation/preparation and properties of the following non-metals:
Boron,
silicon,
nitrogen,
phosphorus,
oxygen,
sulphur and
halogens;
Properties of allotropes of
carbon (only diamond and graphite),
phosphorus and
sulphur.
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions Ch.14. COMPOUNDS OF METALS
JEE Syllabus
Preparation and properties of the following compounds:
Oxides,
peroxides,
hydroxides,
carbonates,
bicarbonates,
chlorides and
sulphates of
sodium,
potassium,
magnesium and
calcium;
Aluminium:
alumina,
aluminium chloride and
alums;
Preparation and properties of the following compounds:
Oxides,
peroxides,
hydroxides,
carbonates,
bicarbonates,
chlorides and
sulphates of
sodium,
potassium,
magnesium and
calcium;
Aluminium:
alumina,
aluminium chloride and
alums;
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions Ch.15. COMPOUNDS OF NONMETLAS
JEE Syllabus
Preparation and properties of the following compounds:
Carbon: oxides and oxyacid (carbonic acid);
Silicon: silicones, silicates and silicon carbide;
Nitrogen: oxides, oxyacids and ammonia;
Phosphorus: oxides, oxyacids (phosphorus acid, phosphoric acid) and phosphine;
Oxygen: ozone and hydrogen peroxide;
Sulphur: hydrogen sulphide, oxides, sulphurous acid, sulphuric acid and sodium thiosulphate;
Halogens: hydrohalic acids, oxides and oxyacids of chlorine, bleaching powder; Xenon fluorides;
Fertilizers: commercially available (common) NPK type.
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Preparation and properties of the following compounds:
Carbon: oxides and oxyacid (carbonic acid);
Silicon: silicones, silicates and silicon carbide;
Nitrogen: oxides, oxyacids and ammonia;
Phosphorus: oxides, oxyacids (phosphorus acid, phosphoric acid) and phosphine;
Oxygen: ozone and hydrogen peroxide;
Sulphur: hydrogen sulphide, oxides, sulphurous acid, sulphuric acid and sodium thiosulphate;
Halogens: hydrohalic acids, oxides and oxyacids of chlorine, bleaching powder; Xenon fluorides;
Fertilizers: commercially available (common) NPK type.
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IIT JEE Chemistry Questions Ch.16.Transition Elements
JEE Syllabus
Transition elements (3d series):
Definition, general characteristics, oxidation states and their stabilities, colour (excluding the details of electronic transitions) and calculation of spin-only magnetic moment;
Coordination compounds: nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, cis-trans and ionisation isomerisms, hybridization and geometries of mononuclear coordination compounds (linear, tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral).
Preparation and properties of the following compounds: Oxides and chlorides of tin and lead; Oxides, chlorides and sulphates of Fe2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+; Potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, silver oxide, silver nitrate, silver thiosulphate.
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Transition elements (3d series):
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16.1 Definition
1. What are transition elements?
2. Zinc is not a transition element strictly. Why?
3. Give the 10 elements in 3d series.
4. The outer electronci configuration of copper is ------------ .
5. The outer electronci configuration of chromium is
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16.2 general characteristics of 3d series elements
1. Comment on the brittleness and hardness of 3d series elements.
2. Comment on the melting and boiling points and heat of vaporization of 3d series elements.
3. Comment on the densities 3d series elements.
4. Comment on the ionization energies of 3d series elements.
5. Are 3d series elements electropositive or electronegative in general?
6. With respect to colour of compounds what is special about 3d series elements?
6a. What is the colour of zinc compounds?
7. What are complexes and what is the speciality of 3d series elements with respect to this concept?
8. What is an oxidation state and what is the speciality of 3d series elements with respect to this concept?
9. What is paramagnetism and diamagnetism and in general 3d series exhibit which type of magnetism and why?
10. Do 3d series elements form alloys easily? Why?
11. What is an interstitial compound? How is the concept related to 3d series elements?
12. What is a catalyst? Do 3d series elements act as catalysts?
13. Where is V2O5 used as a catalyst?
14. What is the catalyst in Haber Process?
15. Mention the use of nickel as a catalyst?
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Oxidation states and their stabilities
1. The highest oxidation state of chromium is
2. The highest oxidation state of manganese is
3. The oxidation states exhibited by zinc are
4. the lowest oxidation of chromium is
5. The highest oxidation state of iron is
6. The unstable oxidation states of chromium are
7. The unstable oxidation states of manganese are
8. The unstable oxidation states of iron are
9. The unstable oxidation state of cobalt is
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Colour (excluding the details of electronic transitions)
1. General the compounds of 3d series elements are coloured. Why?
2. what is colour of Fe(III) ions?
3. what is the colour of Mn(III) ions?
4. what is the colour Zn(II) ions?
5. what is the colour of Co(II) ions?
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Calculation of spin-only magnetic moment
1. what is the formula for calculating magentic moment?
2. what are the units of magnetic moment?
3. What are ferromagnetic substances?
4. What determines the level of paramagnetic character of an element?
---
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Coordination compounds:---
Introduction
1. Define coordinate compound.
2. what is a ligand?
3. What are cationnic complex and anionic complex?
4. What coordinate sphere?
5. What are chelate ligands?
6. How do you determine charge of a complex ion?
7. What is coordination number?
---
Nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds,
1. IUPAC name of [Fe(CN)-6]^3- ion is
2. The IUPAC name of [Ni(CO)-4] is
3. The IUPAC name of [Ni(CN)4}^2- is
4. IUPAC name of K3[Co(NO2)6] is
5. IUPAC name of [Pt(NH3)4(NO2)Cl]SO4 is
6. IUPAC name of K[Ag(CN)2] is
7. IUPAC name of K4[Fe(CN)6] is
8. IUPAC name of Na2[Fe(CN)5(NO)] is
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cis-trans isomerism
1. Explain the concept of geometric isomerism or cis-trans isomerism in coordinate compounds.
2. What geometries are adopted by compounds having coordination number 4?
3. Do a coordinate compound having tetrahedral geometry exhibit cis-trans isomerism?
4. Geometrical isomerism is not exhibited by complexes of the type MA-4, MA-3B or MAB-3 (where M = metal, A and B are anionic ligands). Why?
5. Square planar complexs of the type MA-2X-2, MA-2XY, MABX-2, MABXY can exist as geometrical isomers(A,B are neutral and X and Y are anionic ligands). Why?
6. Give five examples of cis-trans isomerism.
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ionisation isomerisms,
1. Explain what is meant by ionisation isomerism.
2. Explain ionisation isomerism with an example.
3. Give give examples of ionisatin isomerism.
---
hybridization and geometries of mononuclear coordination compounds (linear, tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral).
1. what orbitals are involved in hybridization of central metal ion?
2. State the relatonship between coordination number, hybridization and geometry adopted by the molecules of coordinate compounds.
3. Explain the terms inner orbital complex and outer orbital complex.
4. Explain the terms low spin complex and high spin complex.
---
Transition elements (3d series):
Definition, general characteristics, oxidation states and their stabilities, colour (excluding the details of electronic transitions) and calculation of spin-only magnetic moment;
Coordination compounds: nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, cis-trans and ionisation isomerisms, hybridization and geometries of mononuclear coordination compounds (linear, tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral).
Preparation and properties of the following compounds: Oxides and chlorides of tin and lead; Oxides, chlorides and sulphates of Fe2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+; Potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, silver oxide, silver nitrate, silver thiosulphate.
---------------------------
Transition elements (3d series):
---
16.1 Definition
1. What are transition elements?
2. Zinc is not a transition element strictly. Why?
3. Give the 10 elements in 3d series.
4. The outer electronci configuration of copper is ------------ .
5. The outer electronci configuration of chromium is
---
16.2 general characteristics of 3d series elements
1. Comment on the brittleness and hardness of 3d series elements.
2. Comment on the melting and boiling points and heat of vaporization of 3d series elements.
3. Comment on the densities 3d series elements.
4. Comment on the ionization energies of 3d series elements.
5. Are 3d series elements electropositive or electronegative in general?
6. With respect to colour of compounds what is special about 3d series elements?
6a. What is the colour of zinc compounds?
7. What are complexes and what is the speciality of 3d series elements with respect to this concept?
8. What is an oxidation state and what is the speciality of 3d series elements with respect to this concept?
9. What is paramagnetism and diamagnetism and in general 3d series exhibit which type of magnetism and why?
10. Do 3d series elements form alloys easily? Why?
11. What is an interstitial compound? How is the concept related to 3d series elements?
12. What is a catalyst? Do 3d series elements act as catalysts?
13. Where is V2O5 used as a catalyst?
14. What is the catalyst in Haber Process?
15. Mention the use of nickel as a catalyst?
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Oxidation states and their stabilities
1. The highest oxidation state of chromium is
2. The highest oxidation state of manganese is
3. The oxidation states exhibited by zinc are
4. the lowest oxidation of chromium is
5. The highest oxidation state of iron is
6. The unstable oxidation states of chromium are
7. The unstable oxidation states of manganese are
8. The unstable oxidation states of iron are
9. The unstable oxidation state of cobalt is
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Colour (excluding the details of electronic transitions)
1. General the compounds of 3d series elements are coloured. Why?
2. what is colour of Fe(III) ions?
3. what is the colour of Mn(III) ions?
4. what is the colour Zn(II) ions?
5. what is the colour of Co(II) ions?
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Calculation of spin-only magnetic moment
1. what is the formula for calculating magentic moment?
2. what are the units of magnetic moment?
3. What are ferromagnetic substances?
4. What determines the level of paramagnetic character of an element?
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Coordination compounds:---
Introduction
1. Define coordinate compound.
2. what is a ligand?
3. What are cationnic complex and anionic complex?
4. What coordinate sphere?
5. What are chelate ligands?
6. How do you determine charge of a complex ion?
7. What is coordination number?
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Nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds,
1. IUPAC name of [Fe(CN)-6]^3- ion is
2. The IUPAC name of [Ni(CO)-4] is
3. The IUPAC name of [Ni(CN)4}^2- is
4. IUPAC name of K3[Co(NO2)6] is
5. IUPAC name of [Pt(NH3)4(NO2)Cl]SO4 is
6. IUPAC name of K[Ag(CN)2] is
7. IUPAC name of K4[Fe(CN)6] is
8. IUPAC name of Na2[Fe(CN)5(NO)] is
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cis-trans isomerism
1. Explain the concept of geometric isomerism or cis-trans isomerism in coordinate compounds.
2. What geometries are adopted by compounds having coordination number 4?
3. Do a coordinate compound having tetrahedral geometry exhibit cis-trans isomerism?
4. Geometrical isomerism is not exhibited by complexes of the type MA-4, MA-3B or MAB-3 (where M = metal, A and B are anionic ligands). Why?
5. Square planar complexs of the type MA-2X-2, MA-2XY, MABX-2, MABXY can exist as geometrical isomers(A,B are neutral and X and Y are anionic ligands). Why?
6. Give five examples of cis-trans isomerism.
---
ionisation isomerisms,
1. Explain what is meant by ionisation isomerism.
2. Explain ionisation isomerism with an example.
3. Give give examples of ionisatin isomerism.
---
hybridization and geometries of mononuclear coordination compounds (linear, tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral).
1. what orbitals are involved in hybridization of central metal ion?
2. State the relatonship between coordination number, hybridization and geometry adopted by the molecules of coordinate compounds.
3. Explain the terms inner orbital complex and outer orbital complex.
4. Explain the terms low spin complex and high spin complex.
---
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions Ch.17. Ores/Minerals and Extractive Metallury
Ores and minerals:
Commonly occurring ores and minerals of
iron,
copper,
tin,
lead,
magnesium,
aluminium,
zinc and
silver.
Extractive metallurgy: Chemical principles and reactions only (industrial details excluded);
Carbon reduction method (iron and tin);
Self reduction method (copper and lead);
Electrolytic reduction method (magnesium and aluminium);
Cyanide process (silver and gold).
-------------
Commonly occurring ores and minerals of
iron,
copper,
tin,
lead,
magnesium,
aluminium,
zinc and
silver.
Extractive metallurgy: Chemical principles and reactions only (industrial details excluded);
Carbon reduction method (iron and tin);
Self reduction method (copper and lead);
Electrolytic reduction method (magnesium and aluminium);
Cyanide process (silver and gold).
-------------
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions Ch 18 Exercises in Inorganic Chemistry
JEE Syllabus
Principles of qualitative analysis: Groups I to V (only Ag+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Bi3+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Al3+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Mg2+); Nitrate, halides (excluding fluoride), sulphate, sulphide and sulphite.
Principles of qualitative analysis: Groups I to V (only Ag+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Bi3+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Al3+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Mg2+); Nitrate, halides (excluding fluoride), sulphate, sulphide and sulphite.
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions 19. Hybridization, Isomerism
Hybridisation of carbon;
Sigma and pi-bonds;
Shapes of simple organic molecules;
Structural isomerism
Conformations of ethane and butane (Newman projections);
geometrical isomerism;
Conformations of ethane and butane (Newman projections);
Optical isomerism of compounds containing up to two asymmetric centres, (R,S and E,Z nomenclature excluded);
IUPAC nomenclature of simple organic compounds (only hydrocarbons, mono-functional and bi-functional compounds);
------------------
1. What is the distance between two adjacent carbon atoms in ethane? Compare it with the distance between the same in ethene?
2. Name an isomer of diethyl ether?
3. Whatis the maximum number of isomers for an alkene C-4H-8?
4. What is dipole moment?
5. What is cis-trans isomerism?
6. What is the structural formula for 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene?
7. What is the structural formula for 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene?
8. If two compounds have same empirical formula, but different molecular formulae, what characteristics will be different?
9. What is the number of isomers c-6H-14 has?
10. What the Cl-C-Cl angle in tetrachloromethane?
11. What are the number of structural and configurational isomers of a bromo compound C-5H-9Br? How do you produce it?
12. what is keto-enol tautomerism?
13. give an example of keto-enol tautomerism.
14. What is the number of sigma and pi bonds in 1-butene-3-yne?
15. What is chirality?
16. What is a chiral carbon?
17. What is an asymmetric carbon?
18. What are conformers (conformation isomers)?
19. What is metamerism?
20. What tautomerism?
21. what are isomers?
22. What are stereo isomers?
23. what are enantiomers?
24. How can you separate two enantiomers?
25. Name some compounds that show optical activity.
26. what is the relationship between mesotartaric acid and d-tartaric acid in terms of isomerism?
27.What are axis of symmetry and centre of symmetry?
28. When do you say a molecule is chiral?
29. Whar is the number of isomers that C-7H-16 has?
30.What is a meso compound?
Sigma and pi-bonds;
Shapes of simple organic molecules;
Structural isomerism
Conformations of ethane and butane (Newman projections);
geometrical isomerism;
Conformations of ethane and butane (Newman projections);
Optical isomerism of compounds containing up to two asymmetric centres, (R,S and E,Z nomenclature excluded);
IUPAC nomenclature of simple organic compounds (only hydrocarbons, mono-functional and bi-functional compounds);
------------------
1. What is the distance between two adjacent carbon atoms in ethane? Compare it with the distance between the same in ethene?
2. Name an isomer of diethyl ether?
3. Whatis the maximum number of isomers for an alkene C-4H-8?
4. What is dipole moment?
5. What is cis-trans isomerism?
6. What is the structural formula for 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene?
7. What is the structural formula for 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene?
8. If two compounds have same empirical formula, but different molecular formulae, what characteristics will be different?
9. What is the number of isomers c-6H-14 has?
10. What the Cl-C-Cl angle in tetrachloromethane?
11. What are the number of structural and configurational isomers of a bromo compound C-5H-9Br? How do you produce it?
12. what is keto-enol tautomerism?
13. give an example of keto-enol tautomerism.
14. What is the number of sigma and pi bonds in 1-butene-3-yne?
15. What is chirality?
16. What is a chiral carbon?
17. What is an asymmetric carbon?
18. What are conformers (conformation isomers)?
19. What is metamerism?
20. What tautomerism?
21. what are isomers?
22. What are stereo isomers?
23. what are enantiomers?
24. How can you separate two enantiomers?
25. Name some compounds that show optical activity.
26. what is the relationship between mesotartaric acid and d-tartaric acid in terms of isomerism?
27.What are axis of symmetry and centre of symmetry?
28. When do you say a molecule is chiral?
29. Whar is the number of isomers that C-7H-16 has?
30.What is a meso compound?
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions 20. Inductive and Resonance Effects
Resonance and hyperconjugation;
Keto-enol tautomerism;
Determination of empirical and molecular formulae of simple compounds (only combustion method);
Hydrogen bonds: definition and their effects on physical properties of alcohols and carboxylic acids;
Inductive and resonance effects on acidity and basicity of organic acids and bases; Polarity and inductive effects in alkyl halides;
Reactive intermediates produced during homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavage; Formation, structure and stability of carbocations, carbanions and free radicals.
Keto-enol tautomerism;
Determination of empirical and molecular formulae of simple compounds (only combustion method);
Hydrogen bonds: definition and their effects on physical properties of alcohols and carboxylic acids;
Inductive and resonance effects on acidity and basicity of organic acids and bases; Polarity and inductive effects in alkyl halides;
Reactive intermediates produced during homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavage; Formation, structure and stability of carbocations, carbanions and free radicals.
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions 21. Alkanes
Preparation, properties and reactions of alkanes:
Homologous series,
physical properties of alkanes (melting points, boiling points and density); Combustion and halogenation of alkanes;
Preparation of alkanes by Wurtz reaction and decarboxylation reactions.
------------------
1. What happens to boiling point of alkanes as molecular mass increases?
2. What happens to boiling point of branched isomers of alkanes?
3. Under what conditions does monochlorination of methane take place?
4. What is the `reaction in Kolbe Electrolytic method of preparing alkanes?
5. What are the reactants and products in hydrolysis of Grignard reagent?
6. In the case of halogenation of alkanes, what is order of reactivity among chlorine, fluorine, and bromine?
7. At ordinary temperatures, why is ultraviolet radiation required to initiate a reaction between halogens and alkanes?
8. What do you understand by 1 degree H, 2 degree H and 3 degree H?
9. What is the difference in reactions between an alkane and fluorine and an alkane and bromine?
10. What is the major product in reaction between bromine and n-butane?
11. What are the products of reaction between n-butane and chlorine at room temperature and sunlight?
12. How do you get iso-butane from n-butane?
13. When do you get aromatic compounds from alkanes?
14. What is the more common name of Methane?
15. What is % composition of Methane in coal gas?
16. How do you produce methane from aluminium chloride?
17. What are the reactants and products of Wurtz reaction?
Answer these questions. This will help you to answer other complex ways of asking questions like MCQs, multiple matching, passage based questions and fact & cause questions.
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Homologous series,
physical properties of alkanes (melting points, boiling points and density); Combustion and halogenation of alkanes;
Preparation of alkanes by Wurtz reaction and decarboxylation reactions.
------------------
1. What happens to boiling point of alkanes as molecular mass increases?
2. What happens to boiling point of branched isomers of alkanes?
3. Under what conditions does monochlorination of methane take place?
4. What is the `reaction in Kolbe Electrolytic method of preparing alkanes?
5. What are the reactants and products in hydrolysis of Grignard reagent?
6. In the case of halogenation of alkanes, what is order of reactivity among chlorine, fluorine, and bromine?
7. At ordinary temperatures, why is ultraviolet radiation required to initiate a reaction between halogens and alkanes?
8. What do you understand by 1 degree H, 2 degree H and 3 degree H?
9. What is the difference in reactions between an alkane and fluorine and an alkane and bromine?
10. What is the major product in reaction between bromine and n-butane?
11. What are the products of reaction between n-butane and chlorine at room temperature and sunlight?
12. How do you get iso-butane from n-butane?
13. When do you get aromatic compounds from alkanes?
14. What is the more common name of Methane?
15. What is % composition of Methane in coal gas?
16. How do you produce methane from aluminium chloride?
17. What are the reactants and products of Wurtz reaction?
Answer these questions. This will help you to answer other complex ways of asking questions like MCQs, multiple matching, passage based questions and fact & cause questions.
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IIT JEE Chemistry Questions 22. Alkenes
Preparation, properties and reactions of alkenes:
Physical properties: boiling points, density and dipole moments
Acidity; Acid catalysed hydration of alkenes(excluding the stereochemistry of addition and elimination);
Reactions of alkenes with KMnO4 and ozone;
Reduction of alkenes;
Preparation of alkenes by elimination reactions;
Electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes with X2, HX, HOX and H2O (X=halogen);
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1. About alkenes
1. What are alkenes?
2. What is the general formula of alkenes?
3. What is the simplest alkene?
4. What are the bonds in carbon-carbon double bonds (pi and sigma bonds)?
5. What is the carbon-carbon bond length ethene?
2. Nomenclature
3. Isomerism in alekenes
4. Stability of alkenes
5. Preparation of alkenes
1. How do you prepare alkenes from alcohols?
2. How do you prepare alkens from alkyl halides?
3. How do you prepare alkens from vicinal dihalides?
4. How do you prepare alkens from alkynes?
5. How do you prepare alkens from potassium salts of dicarboxylic acids?
6. Physical properties
1. Which alkenes are gases at room temperature?
2. Which alkenes are liquids at room temperature?
3. Which alkenes are solids at room temperature?
4. Compare melting points of alkenes with that of alkanes.
5. Compare melting points of trans-alkens with cis-alkenes.
Physical properties: boiling points, density and dipole moments
Acidity; Acid catalysed hydration of alkenes(excluding the stereochemistry of addition and elimination);
Reactions of alkenes with KMnO4 and ozone;
Reduction of alkenes;
Preparation of alkenes by elimination reactions;
Electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes with X2, HX, HOX and H2O (X=halogen);
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1. About alkenes
1. What are alkenes?
2. What is the general formula of alkenes?
3. What is the simplest alkene?
4. What are the bonds in carbon-carbon double bonds (pi and sigma bonds)?
5. What is the carbon-carbon bond length ethene?
2. Nomenclature
3. Isomerism in alekenes
4. Stability of alkenes
5. Preparation of alkenes
1. How do you prepare alkenes from alcohols?
2. How do you prepare alkens from alkyl halides?
3. How do you prepare alkens from vicinal dihalides?
4. How do you prepare alkens from alkynes?
5. How do you prepare alkens from potassium salts of dicarboxylic acids?
6. Physical properties
1. Which alkenes are gases at room temperature?
2. Which alkenes are liquids at room temperature?
3. Which alkenes are solids at room temperature?
4. Compare melting points of alkenes with that of alkanes.
5. Compare melting points of trans-alkens with cis-alkenes.
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions 23. Alkynes
Preparation, properties and reactions of alkynes:
Physical properties of alkynes (boiling points, density and dipole moments);
Acidity of alkynes;
Acid catalysed hydration of alkynes (excluding the stereochemistry of addition and elimination);
Reduction of alkynes;
Preparation of alkynes by elimination reactions;
Addition reactions of alkynes;
Metal acetylides.
--------------
On methods of preparation
1. what is produced by hydrolysis of Calcium carbide?
2. What is produced by hydrolysis of magnesium carbide?
3. Name the potassium salt used to produce acetylene in Kolbe's electrolytic method.
4. what is the first stage in dehydrohalenation of vicinal dihalides and what are the conditions required for the reaction?
5. what is the second stage in dehydrohalenation of vicinal dihalides and what are the conditions required for the reaction?
6. what do you get in the first stage after reaction of 1,1 -dibromopentane with KOH(alc)?
7. How do you get ethyne from iodoform?
8. How do you get ethyne from chloroform?
9. what do you get by hydrolysis of Aluminium carbide?
10. which gaseous hydrocarbon is produced when calcium carbide reacts with water?
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Simple questions on reactions of Alkynes
1. When propyne is treated with acqeous H-2SO-4 in the presence of HgSO-4, which ketone is formed?
2. Which hydrocarbon contains acidic hydrogen?
3. Give bases stronger and weaker acetylene?
4. Give acids stronger than and weaker than acetylene?
5. To add water to a triple bond what other chemicals are required?
6. When R’MgBr reacts with RC- triple bond-CH, what alkane will result?
7. What are the products of ozonolysis of triple bond (alkyne)?
8. What is the output when ethyne is passed through hot iron tube at 400 degrees Celsius?
9. What is Lindlar’s catalyst?
10. Which alkene will emerge when alkyne is reduced with Lindlar’s catalyst?
11. Which alkene will emerge when alkyne is reduced with lithium metal in liquid ammonia solvent?
12. Among alkynes and alkenes, which are more reactive to halogens? Why?
13. What is the product obtained by adding water to 1-butyne in the presence of required catalysts? What are the catalysts?
14. What are tautomers?
15. What is final the output of polymerization of acetylene? What are intermediate outputs?
16. What are alkadienes?
17. What do you get by adding H-2 to 2-butyne? Give the two alternatives due to difference in reducing agents.
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Physical properties of alkynes (boiling points, density and dipole moments);
Acidity of alkynes;
Acid catalysed hydration of alkynes (excluding the stereochemistry of addition and elimination);
Reduction of alkynes;
Preparation of alkynes by elimination reactions;
Addition reactions of alkynes;
Metal acetylides.
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On methods of preparation
1. what is produced by hydrolysis of Calcium carbide?
2. What is produced by hydrolysis of magnesium carbide?
3. Name the potassium salt used to produce acetylene in Kolbe's electrolytic method.
4. what is the first stage in dehydrohalenation of vicinal dihalides and what are the conditions required for the reaction?
5. what is the second stage in dehydrohalenation of vicinal dihalides and what are the conditions required for the reaction?
6. what do you get in the first stage after reaction of 1,1 -dibromopentane with KOH(alc)?
7. How do you get ethyne from iodoform?
8. How do you get ethyne from chloroform?
9. what do you get by hydrolysis of Aluminium carbide?
10. which gaseous hydrocarbon is produced when calcium carbide reacts with water?
-------------
Simple questions on reactions of Alkynes
1. When propyne is treated with acqeous H-2SO-4 in the presence of HgSO-4, which ketone is formed?
2. Which hydrocarbon contains acidic hydrogen?
3. Give bases stronger and weaker acetylene?
4. Give acids stronger than and weaker than acetylene?
5. To add water to a triple bond what other chemicals are required?
6. When R’MgBr reacts with RC- triple bond-CH, what alkane will result?
7. What are the products of ozonolysis of triple bond (alkyne)?
8. What is the output when ethyne is passed through hot iron tube at 400 degrees Celsius?
9. What is Lindlar’s catalyst?
10. Which alkene will emerge when alkyne is reduced with Lindlar’s catalyst?
11. Which alkene will emerge when alkyne is reduced with lithium metal in liquid ammonia solvent?
12. Among alkynes and alkenes, which are more reactive to halogens? Why?
13. What is the product obtained by adding water to 1-butyne in the presence of required catalysts? What are the catalysts?
14. What are tautomers?
15. What is final the output of polymerization of acetylene? What are intermediate outputs?
16. What are alkadienes?
17. What do you get by adding H-2 to 2-butyne? Give the two alternatives due to difference in reducing agents.
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IIT JEE Chemistry Questions 24. Benzene
Preparation, properties
Reactions of benzene:
Structure and aromaticity;
Electrophilic substitution reactions:
halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation; Effect of o-, m- and p-directing groups in monosubstituted benzenes.
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Reactions of benzene:
Structure and aromaticity;
Electrophilic substitution reactions:
halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation; Effect of o-, m- and p-directing groups in monosubstituted benzenes.
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IIT JEE Chemistry Questions 25. Alcohols
Preparation, properties and reactions
Alcohols:
Preparation, properties and reactions
Speically highlighted topics
esterification,
dehydration and oxidation,
reaction with sodium, phosphorus halides,
reaction with ZnCl2/concentrated HCl,
conversion of alcohols into aldehydes and ketones;
Ethers:Preparation by Williamson's Synthesis;
----------------
25.A Alcohols: Introduction Preparation
1. What are alcohols?
2. What are the classification of alcohols?
3. What are the classifications of monohydric alcohols?
4. Give five examples of secondary alcohols.
25. B Alcohols: Nomenclature
1. What are the IUPAC rules?
2. Name some IUPAC names and common names for alcohols.
25.C Isomers
1. Which types of isomerism is exhibited by alcohols?
2. What is chain isomerism? give some examples of alcohols that exhibit this imomerism.
3. What is position isomerism? Give some examples of alcohols that exhibit this isomerism.
4. What is functional isomerism? Give some examples of alcohols that exhibit this isomerism.
25.D Alcohols: Preparation - General Methods
1. How do you prepare alcohols from haloalkanes?
2. How do you prepare alcohols from aldehydes, ketones and esters?
3. How do you prepare alcohols from Grignard reagents?
4. How do you prepare alcohols from esters?
5. How do you prepare alcohols from alkenes?
6. How do you prepare alcohols from amines?
7. How do you prepare alcohols from tertiary alcohols from ketones?
8. How do you prepare alcohols from secondary alcohols from aldehydes?
9. Explain hydroboration-oxidation-reduction method of preparing alcohols.
10. Explain oxymercuration-reduction method of preparing alcohols.
25. E Alcohols: Preparation - Industrial Methods
1. Explain the method of hydration of alkenes.
2. Explain the oxo process.
3. Explain the process of obtaining ethanol from sugar solution.
4. Explina the process of getting ethanol from starch.
5. How is methanol prepared.
25.F Physical properties
1. What alcohols are liquids and what are solids?
2. How boiling point change with increase in molecular weight?
3. Between n-Butyl alcohol and iso-butyl alcohol which will have higher boiling point and why?
4. Alcohols have higher boiling points compared to other organic compounds having similar molecular masses. Give an example and explain the reason.
5. Are alcohols soluble in water? Explain your answer.
6. What happens to solubility in water in isomerica alcohols?
7. Compare density of alcohols with that of water?
8. Which alcohol is suitable for drinking of intoxicating effects?
25.G Chemical Properties
1.What happens in reaction of alcohols with metals?
2. How does the acidic character of alcohol change over primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols?
3. What happens in reaction of alcohols with metal hydrides?
4. What happens in reaction of alcohols with carboxylic acids?
5. What happens in reaction of alcohols with Grignard reagent?
6. What happens in reaction of alcohols with acyl chloride?
7.What happens in reaction of alcohols with acid anhydride?
8. In the case of reactions involving cleavage of carbon-oxygen bond, what is the order of reactivity among various monohydric alcohols?
9. What happens in reaction of alcohols with hydrogen halides?
10. What happens in reaction of alcohols with phosphorus halides?
11. What happens in reaction of alcohols with thionyl chloride.
12. What happens in acidic dehydration of alcohols?
13. How can you dehydrate alcohols without using acids?
14. How can you oxidize alcohols and what products come out of it?
15. What is dehydrogenation of alcohols?
16. How do you get alkenes from alcohols by dehydrogenation?
dehydration and oxidation,
reaction with sodium, phosphorus halides,
reaction with ZnCl2/concentrated HCl,
conversion of alcohols into aldehydes and ketones;
Ethers:Preparation by Williamson's Synthesis;
25. H esterification,
1. What happens in reaction of alcohols with carboxylic acids?
2. What is esterification?
3. What is the function of H2SO4 in esterification?
4. What is Fischer-Speier esterification?
5. Why is it difficult to prepare esters of tertiary alcohol?
6. Esterification cleaves O-H bond. How was it proved?
7. Name 5 esters.
25 I Dehydration
1. Dehydration involves cleaving of alkyl and hydroxyl groups. Explain the statement with an example.
2. What is acidic dehydration of alcohols?
3. What is the reaction mechanism of acidic dehydration?
4. What is the ease of dehydration of alcohols in monohydric alcohols?
5. When do you get ethene as product in acidic dehydration of alcohols?
6. When do you get ether as product in acidic dehydration of alcohols?
7. When do you get ethyl hydrogen sulphate as product in acidic dehydration of alcohols?
8. When is carbocation formed in acidic dehydration of alcohols?
9. How do you dehydrate alcohols without using acids?
10.What product do you get when you dehydrate alcohols at 633K over heated alumina catalyst?
25 J oxidation
1. what are the reagents used for oxidation of alcohols?
2. Explain what happens in oxidation of primary alcohols?
3. Explain what happens in oxidation of secondary alcohols?
4. Explain what happens in oxidation of tertiary alcohols?
25 K reaction with sodium
1. Explain the products of reaction between ethanol and sodium.
25 L phosphorus halides
1. Explain the products of reaction between phosphorus halides and alcohols.
2. What are the products reaction btween ethanol and PCl5?
3. What are the products reaction btween ethanol and PCl3?
4. What are the products reaction btween ethanol and PBr5?
5. What are the products reaction btween ethanol and PI3?
6. How are PB3 and PI3 prepared for this reaction?
25 M Reaction with ZnCl2/concentrated HCl
1. what is Lucas reagent?
2. How do you use Lucas test for distinguishing various alcohols?
25 N conversion of alcohols into aldehydes and ketones;
1. How do you get aldehydes from alcohols?
2. How do you get ketones from alcohols?
25 O Ethers:Preparation by Williamson's Synthesis;
25-P. More questions across topics
1. Which type of alcohols react fastest with Lucas reagent at room temperature?
2. How do you prepare methanol industrially?
3. Is 2-methylpropan-2-ol a teriary alcohol?
4. How do you prepare methyl ethyl ketone?
5. How do you prepare butanonitrile?
6. Out of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, which ones have minimum boiling point?
7.What is the order of reactivity of HX towards ROH?
8. What is the order of reactivity of various degrees of alcohols with HX?
9. what are the products of dehydration of 1-butanol? What is the main product?
10. What is the reactivity of various degrees of alcohol with active metals?
11. What is the relative reactivity of alcohols in comparison to water and ethyne?
12. How do you change a 1 degree alcohol into 1 degree aldehyde?
13. In the Victor Meyer test which type of alcohols show blue colouration?
14. what is Lucas reagent?
15. Which type of alcohols do not react with Lucas reagent?
16. What is glycerine? Is it a alcohol?
17. In the Victor Meyer test which type of alcohols show red colouration?
18. In the Lucas test, how do you identify alcohols?
19. What do you get when vapours of 2-propanol are passed hot metallic Cu at 570 K?
Alcohols:
Preparation, properties and reactions
Speically highlighted topics
esterification,
dehydration and oxidation,
reaction with sodium, phosphorus halides,
reaction with ZnCl2/concentrated HCl,
conversion of alcohols into aldehydes and ketones;
Ethers:Preparation by Williamson's Synthesis;
----------------
25.A Alcohols: Introduction Preparation
1. What are alcohols?
2. What are the classification of alcohols?
3. What are the classifications of monohydric alcohols?
4. Give five examples of secondary alcohols.
25. B Alcohols: Nomenclature
1. What are the IUPAC rules?
2. Name some IUPAC names and common names for alcohols.
25.C Isomers
1. Which types of isomerism is exhibited by alcohols?
2. What is chain isomerism? give some examples of alcohols that exhibit this imomerism.
3. What is position isomerism? Give some examples of alcohols that exhibit this isomerism.
4. What is functional isomerism? Give some examples of alcohols that exhibit this isomerism.
25.D Alcohols: Preparation - General Methods
1. How do you prepare alcohols from haloalkanes?
2. How do you prepare alcohols from aldehydes, ketones and esters?
3. How do you prepare alcohols from Grignard reagents?
4. How do you prepare alcohols from esters?
5. How do you prepare alcohols from alkenes?
6. How do you prepare alcohols from amines?
7. How do you prepare alcohols from tertiary alcohols from ketones?
8. How do you prepare alcohols from secondary alcohols from aldehydes?
9. Explain hydroboration-oxidation-reduction method of preparing alcohols.
10. Explain oxymercuration-reduction method of preparing alcohols.
25. E Alcohols: Preparation - Industrial Methods
1. Explain the method of hydration of alkenes.
2. Explain the oxo process.
3. Explain the process of obtaining ethanol from sugar solution.
4. Explina the process of getting ethanol from starch.
5. How is methanol prepared.
25.F Physical properties
1. What alcohols are liquids and what are solids?
2. How boiling point change with increase in molecular weight?
3. Between n-Butyl alcohol and iso-butyl alcohol which will have higher boiling point and why?
4. Alcohols have higher boiling points compared to other organic compounds having similar molecular masses. Give an example and explain the reason.
5. Are alcohols soluble in water? Explain your answer.
6. What happens to solubility in water in isomerica alcohols?
7. Compare density of alcohols with that of water?
8. Which alcohol is suitable for drinking of intoxicating effects?
25.G Chemical Properties
1.What happens in reaction of alcohols with metals?
2. How does the acidic character of alcohol change over primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols?
3. What happens in reaction of alcohols with metal hydrides?
4. What happens in reaction of alcohols with carboxylic acids?
5. What happens in reaction of alcohols with Grignard reagent?
6. What happens in reaction of alcohols with acyl chloride?
7.What happens in reaction of alcohols with acid anhydride?
8. In the case of reactions involving cleavage of carbon-oxygen bond, what is the order of reactivity among various monohydric alcohols?
9. What happens in reaction of alcohols with hydrogen halides?
10. What happens in reaction of alcohols with phosphorus halides?
11. What happens in reaction of alcohols with thionyl chloride.
12. What happens in acidic dehydration of alcohols?
13. How can you dehydrate alcohols without using acids?
14. How can you oxidize alcohols and what products come out of it?
15. What is dehydrogenation of alcohols?
16. How do you get alkenes from alcohols by dehydrogenation?
dehydration and oxidation,
reaction with sodium, phosphorus halides,
reaction with ZnCl2/concentrated HCl,
conversion of alcohols into aldehydes and ketones;
Ethers:Preparation by Williamson's Synthesis;
25. H esterification,
1. What happens in reaction of alcohols with carboxylic acids?
2. What is esterification?
3. What is the function of H2SO4 in esterification?
4. What is Fischer-Speier esterification?
5. Why is it difficult to prepare esters of tertiary alcohol?
6. Esterification cleaves O-H bond. How was it proved?
7. Name 5 esters.
25 I Dehydration
1. Dehydration involves cleaving of alkyl and hydroxyl groups. Explain the statement with an example.
2. What is acidic dehydration of alcohols?
3. What is the reaction mechanism of acidic dehydration?
4. What is the ease of dehydration of alcohols in monohydric alcohols?
5. When do you get ethene as product in acidic dehydration of alcohols?
6. When do you get ether as product in acidic dehydration of alcohols?
7. When do you get ethyl hydrogen sulphate as product in acidic dehydration of alcohols?
8. When is carbocation formed in acidic dehydration of alcohols?
9. How do you dehydrate alcohols without using acids?
10.What product do you get when you dehydrate alcohols at 633K over heated alumina catalyst?
25 J oxidation
1. what are the reagents used for oxidation of alcohols?
2. Explain what happens in oxidation of primary alcohols?
3. Explain what happens in oxidation of secondary alcohols?
4. Explain what happens in oxidation of tertiary alcohols?
25 K reaction with sodium
1. Explain the products of reaction between ethanol and sodium.
25 L phosphorus halides
1. Explain the products of reaction between phosphorus halides and alcohols.
2. What are the products reaction btween ethanol and PCl5?
3. What are the products reaction btween ethanol and PCl3?
4. What are the products reaction btween ethanol and PBr5?
5. What are the products reaction btween ethanol and PI3?
6. How are PB3 and PI3 prepared for this reaction?
25 M Reaction with ZnCl2/concentrated HCl
1. what is Lucas reagent?
2. How do you use Lucas test for distinguishing various alcohols?
25 N conversion of alcohols into aldehydes and ketones;
1. How do you get aldehydes from alcohols?
2. How do you get ketones from alcohols?
25 O Ethers:Preparation by Williamson's Synthesis;
25-P. More questions across topics
1. Which type of alcohols react fastest with Lucas reagent at room temperature?
2. How do you prepare methanol industrially?
3. Is 2-methylpropan-2-ol a teriary alcohol?
4. How do you prepare methyl ethyl ketone?
5. How do you prepare butanonitrile?
6. Out of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, which ones have minimum boiling point?
7.What is the order of reactivity of HX towards ROH?
8. What is the order of reactivity of various degrees of alcohols with HX?
9. what are the products of dehydration of 1-butanol? What is the main product?
10. What is the reactivity of various degrees of alcohol with active metals?
11. What is the relative reactivity of alcohols in comparison to water and ethyne?
12. How do you change a 1 degree alcohol into 1 degree aldehyde?
13. In the Victor Meyer test which type of alcohols show blue colouration?
14. what is Lucas reagent?
15. Which type of alcohols do not react with Lucas reagent?
16. What is glycerine? Is it a alcohol?
17. In the Victor Meyer test which type of alcohols show red colouration?
18. In the Lucas test, how do you identify alcohols?
19. What do you get when vapours of 2-propanol are passed hot metallic Cu at 570 K?
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions 26. Alkyl and Aryl Halides
Preparation, properties and reactions
Alkyl halides: rearrangement reactions of alkyl carbocation, Grignard reactions, nucleophilic substitution reactions;
-----------------------
1. Is the C-X bond in alkyl halides polar?
2. How does the bond strength change with increasing size of halogen atoms?
3 Between alkyl halides and corresponding alkanes whose boiling point is more?
4. How does the boiling point of alkyl halide change with size of the halogen atom?
5. How do you produce nitroalkane?
6. How do you produce isocyanide?
7. what is S-N-1 mechanism?
8. What is S-N-2 mechanism?
9. Give an example of converting an alkyl halide to alkene.
10. How do you produce Grignard reagent?
11. How do you prepare aryl halides by Friedel Crafts halogenation?
12. How do you prepare aryl halides by Sandmeyer reaction?
13. what is Schiemann reaction?
14. What is an aryl group?
15. Between aryl halides and alkyl halides which are more reactive to nucleophilic substitutin?
16. What is the major product when 2-bromobutane is treated with ethanolic KOH?
17. How many isomers does dibromobutane has?
18. what are the products of reaction between RMgX and ethyl formate?
19. what are the products of reaction between RMgX and water?
20. What is a Fittig reaction?
21. What does chlorination of toluene with excess of chlorine under the conditions of light and heat produce?
22. Is fluorination of benzene a exothermic reaction?
23. What is Wurtz-Fittig reaction?
24. What is Walden inversion?
25. In the reaction of p-chlorotoluene with KNH-2 in liquor Ammonia, what is the major product?
26. What happens to dipole moment as the size of the halogen atom increases in alkyl halides?
27. What is steric hindrance?
28. Are alkyl chlorides lighter than water?
29. What is Saytzeff rule?
30. What is benzenediazonium chloride?
Alkyl halides: rearrangement reactions of alkyl carbocation, Grignard reactions, nucleophilic substitution reactions;
-----------------------
1. Is the C-X bond in alkyl halides polar?
2. How does the bond strength change with increasing size of halogen atoms?
3 Between alkyl halides and corresponding alkanes whose boiling point is more?
4. How does the boiling point of alkyl halide change with size of the halogen atom?
5. How do you produce nitroalkane?
6. How do you produce isocyanide?
7. what is S-N-1 mechanism?
8. What is S-N-2 mechanism?
9. Give an example of converting an alkyl halide to alkene.
10. How do you produce Grignard reagent?
11. How do you prepare aryl halides by Friedel Crafts halogenation?
12. How do you prepare aryl halides by Sandmeyer reaction?
13. what is Schiemann reaction?
14. What is an aryl group?
15. Between aryl halides and alkyl halides which are more reactive to nucleophilic substitutin?
16. What is the major product when 2-bromobutane is treated with ethanolic KOH?
17. How many isomers does dibromobutane has?
18. what are the products of reaction between RMgX and ethyl formate?
19. what are the products of reaction between RMgX and water?
20. What is a Fittig reaction?
21. What does chlorination of toluene with excess of chlorine under the conditions of light and heat produce?
22. Is fluorination of benzene a exothermic reaction?
23. What is Wurtz-Fittig reaction?
24. What is Walden inversion?
25. In the reaction of p-chlorotoluene with KNH-2 in liquor Ammonia, what is the major product?
26. What happens to dipole moment as the size of the halogen atom increases in alkyl halides?
27. What is steric hindrance?
28. Are alkyl chlorides lighter than water?
29. What is Saytzeff rule?
30. What is benzenediazonium chloride?
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions 27. Aldehydes and Ketones
Preparation, properties and reactions
Aldehydes and Ketones: oxidation, reduction, oxime and hydrazone formation;
aldol condensation, Perkin reaction;
Cannizzaro reaction;
haloform reaction and nucleophilic addition reactions (Grignard addition);
------------
1. what are aldehydes?
2. what are ketones?
3. What is Gatterman reaction?
4. How do you reduce R-COCl to an aldehyde?
5. How do you get an aldehyde from methylbenzene?
6. How do you get ketone from alcohols?
7. What is the state of formalehyde as room temperature?
8. What is formalin?
9. Can you easily oxidize ketones?
10. Can you reduce aldehydes?
11. Can you reduce ketones?
12. What is Clemmensen reduction?
13. What is Wolff-Kishner reduction?
14. What is Cannizzaro reaction?
15. What is tollens reagent?
16.What is Fehling's solution?
17. What is Diels-Alder Reaction
18. What is Keto-Enol Tautomerism?
19 How do you get cyanohydrin from a ketone?
20. Give an example of aldol condensation.
Aldehydes and Ketones: oxidation, reduction, oxime and hydrazone formation;
aldol condensation, Perkin reaction;
Cannizzaro reaction;
haloform reaction and nucleophilic addition reactions (Grignard addition);
------------
1. what are aldehydes?
2. what are ketones?
3. What is Gatterman reaction?
4. How do you reduce R-COCl to an aldehyde?
5. How do you get an aldehyde from methylbenzene?
6. How do you get ketone from alcohols?
7. What is the state of formalehyde as room temperature?
8. What is formalin?
9. Can you easily oxidize ketones?
10. Can you reduce aldehydes?
11. Can you reduce ketones?
12. What is Clemmensen reduction?
13. What is Wolff-Kishner reduction?
14. What is Cannizzaro reaction?
15. What is tollens reagent?
16.What is Fehling's solution?
17. What is Diels-Alder Reaction
18. What is Keto-Enol Tautomerism?
19 How do you get cyanohydrin from a ketone?
20. Give an example of aldol condensation.
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions 28. Carboxylic Acids
Preparation, properties and reactions
Carboxylic acids: formation of esters, acid chlorides and amides, ester hydrolysis;
---------
1. what is a carboxylic acid?
2. How do you prepare a carboxylic acid from primary alcohol?
3. How do you prepare carboxylic acid from alkylbenzene?
4. How do you prepare carboxylic acid from Grignard reagent?
5. How do you prepare carboxylic acid from nitriles?
6. Do the molecules of carboxylic acids exhibit hydrogen bonding?
7. Why is the boiling point of caroxylic acid higher than that of an alcohol of comparable molar mass?
8. why acqueous solutions of caroxylate salts are slightly alkaline?
9. How do you convert carboxylic acid into an ester?
10. How do you convert carboxylic acid into acid chloride?
11. How do you convert carboxylic acid into alcohol?
12. what is Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction?
13. Explain how do you get alkane from sodium salt of carboxylic acid with an example.
14. what happens when you heat a calcium salt of carboxylic acid?
15. How do you get acetic anhydride?
16. What do you get from treatment of an ester with LiAIH-4 followed by acid hydrolysis?
17. Name the reactants that produce benzophenone on heating?
18. what are the differences between acetic acid and formic acid?
what are the products of reaction between formic acid and concentrated sulphuric acid?
19. How do you produce acetaphenone?
20. which compound is synthesized by Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction?
Carboxylic acids: formation of esters, acid chlorides and amides, ester hydrolysis;
---------
1. what is a carboxylic acid?
2. How do you prepare a carboxylic acid from primary alcohol?
3. How do you prepare carboxylic acid from alkylbenzene?
4. How do you prepare carboxylic acid from Grignard reagent?
5. How do you prepare carboxylic acid from nitriles?
6. Do the molecules of carboxylic acids exhibit hydrogen bonding?
7. Why is the boiling point of caroxylic acid higher than that of an alcohol of comparable molar mass?
8. why acqueous solutions of caroxylate salts are slightly alkaline?
9. How do you convert carboxylic acid into an ester?
10. How do you convert carboxylic acid into acid chloride?
11. How do you convert carboxylic acid into alcohol?
12. what is Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction?
13. Explain how do you get alkane from sodium salt of carboxylic acid with an example.
14. what happens when you heat a calcium salt of carboxylic acid?
15. How do you get acetic anhydride?
16. What do you get from treatment of an ester with LiAIH-4 followed by acid hydrolysis?
17. Name the reactants that produce benzophenone on heating?
18. what are the differences between acetic acid and formic acid?
what are the products of reaction between formic acid and concentrated sulphuric acid?
19. How do you produce acetaphenone?
20. which compound is synthesized by Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction?
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions 29. Phenols
Haloarenes: nucleophilic aromatic substitution in haloarenes and substituted haloarenes (excluding Benzyne mechanism and Cine substitution).
-------------
1. What phenol?
2. How is phenol prepared using benzene?
3. What is the action of Bromine water on phenol?
4.How is phenol prepared using benzene sulphonic acid?
5.What is the action of dilute nitirc acid on phenol?
6. How is phenol prepared using chlorobenzene?
7. What is the action of conc. nitric acid in the presence of conc. sulphuric acid on phenol?
8. How is phenol prepared using cumene?
9. What is the action of Bromine in CS-2 on phenol?
10. Give a test distinguish between phenol and ethanol?
11. What is the action of conc. sulphuric acid at different temperatures on phenol?
12. How will you obtain from carbolic acid picric acid?
13. How do you use ferric chloride to distinguish between phenol and alcohol?
14. How will you obtain 2,4,6-tribromophenol from carbolic acid?
15. What are the differences in physical properties among p-nitrophenol, o-nitrophenol and m-nitrophenol?
16.What is williamson synthesis?
17. what is Fries rearrangement?
18. What is the action of nitrous acid on phenol?
19. What is Reimer-Tiemann reaction?
20. What is Schotten-baumann reaction?
21. What do phenols liberate when treated with sodium?
22.Are phenols soluble in sodium bicarbonate solution?
23. what happens when phenol is exposed to air?
24. What is picric acid?
25. What is cresol?
For answers see
http://iit-jee-chemistry-aps.blogspot.com/2007/09/answers-to-sq-ch-29-phenols.html
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1. What phenol?
2. How is phenol prepared using benzene?
3. What is the action of Bromine water on phenol?
4.How is phenol prepared using benzene sulphonic acid?
5.What is the action of dilute nitirc acid on phenol?
6. How is phenol prepared using chlorobenzene?
7. What is the action of conc. nitric acid in the presence of conc. sulphuric acid on phenol?
8. How is phenol prepared using cumene?
9. What is the action of Bromine in CS-2 on phenol?
10. Give a test distinguish between phenol and ethanol?
11. What is the action of conc. sulphuric acid at different temperatures on phenol?
12. How will you obtain from carbolic acid picric acid?
13. How do you use ferric chloride to distinguish between phenol and alcohol?
14. How will you obtain 2,4,6-tribromophenol from carbolic acid?
15. What are the differences in physical properties among p-nitrophenol, o-nitrophenol and m-nitrophenol?
16.What is williamson synthesis?
17. what is Fries rearrangement?
18. What is the action of nitrous acid on phenol?
19. What is Reimer-Tiemann reaction?
20. What is Schotten-baumann reaction?
21. What do phenols liberate when treated with sodium?
22.Are phenols soluble in sodium bicarbonate solution?
23. what happens when phenol is exposed to air?
24. What is picric acid?
25. What is cresol?
For answers see
http://iit-jee-chemistry-aps.blogspot.com/2007/09/answers-to-sq-ch-29-phenols.html
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions 30. Amines
Amines:
Preparation and properties
basicity of substituted anilines and aliphatic amines,
preparation from nitro compounds,
reaction with nitrous acid,
azo coupling reaction of diazonium salts of aromatic amines,
Sandmeyer and related reactions of diazonium salts;
carbylamine reaction;
-------
1. What are Amines?
2. How do you prepare ethylamine?
3.How will you prepare diethyl amine?
4. How is ethyl amine prepared from nitroethane?
5. How will you prepare ethyl amine from acetaldoxime?
6. How will yoo prepare ethalamine from methyl iodide?
7. How do you distinguish primary, secondary and tertiary amines?
8. What are the Differences between primary, secondary and tertiary amines?
9. What is the action of acetyl chloride on primary amines?
10. What is the action of sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid on ethyl amine?
11. what is the action of nitrous acid in dimethyl amine?
12. Give the structure of 2-propanamine.
13. What is methylation of amines?
14. What is the action of acetic anhydride on Triethyl amine?
15. What is carbalamine test?
16. what is Libermann reaction?
17. what is Gatttermann reaction?
18. What is Hinsberg reagent?
19. what is Hoffmann's method?
20. What is aniline?
21. How do you prepare diazonium salt?
22. What is sandmeyer reaction?
For answers see
http://iit-jee-chemistry-aps.blogspot.com/2007/09/answers-to-sq-ch-30-amines.html
Preparation and properties
basicity of substituted anilines and aliphatic amines,
preparation from nitro compounds,
reaction with nitrous acid,
azo coupling reaction of diazonium salts of aromatic amines,
Sandmeyer and related reactions of diazonium salts;
carbylamine reaction;
-------
1. What are Amines?
2. How do you prepare ethylamine?
3.How will you prepare diethyl amine?
4. How is ethyl amine prepared from nitroethane?
5. How will you prepare ethyl amine from acetaldoxime?
6. How will yoo prepare ethalamine from methyl iodide?
7. How do you distinguish primary, secondary and tertiary amines?
8. What are the Differences between primary, secondary and tertiary amines?
9. What is the action of acetyl chloride on primary amines?
10. What is the action of sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid on ethyl amine?
11. what is the action of nitrous acid in dimethyl amine?
12. Give the structure of 2-propanamine.
13. What is methylation of amines?
14. What is the action of acetic anhydride on Triethyl amine?
15. What is carbalamine test?
16. what is Libermann reaction?
17. what is Gatttermann reaction?
18. What is Hinsberg reagent?
19. what is Hoffmann's method?
20. What is aniline?
21. How do you prepare diazonium salt?
22. What is sandmeyer reaction?
For answers see
http://iit-jee-chemistry-aps.blogspot.com/2007/09/answers-to-sq-ch-30-amines.html
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions 31. Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates: Classification; mono- and di-saccharides (glucose and sucrose); Oxidation, reduction, glycoside formation and hydrolysis of sucrose.
-----------------
I. Simple Questions
1. what are carbohydrates?
2. How are carbohydrates classified?
3. How is gluco prepared from sucrose?
4. What are monosaccharides?
5. give an example of polysaccharide.
6. Give an example of oligosaccharide.
7. How many stereo isomers a carbohydrate can have?
8. What is a cyclic hemiacetal position?
9. What is Haworth projection?
10. What is Fischer projection?
11. What is chair conformational formula?
12. What are anomers?
13. What is mutarotation?
14. What reactions are supported by reducing sugars?
15. Give two examples of disaccharides.
16. What is invert sugar?
17. what are hydrates of carbon?
18. Give the structure of Ketopentose.
19. give the structure of ketotriose.
20. Give the structure of aldotetrose.
21. Give 5 sugars and rank them in relative order of sweetness.
For answers
www.iit-jee-chemistry-aps.blogspot.com
-----------------
I. Simple Questions
1. what are carbohydrates?
2. How are carbohydrates classified?
3. How is gluco prepared from sucrose?
4. What are monosaccharides?
5. give an example of polysaccharide.
6. Give an example of oligosaccharide.
7. How many stereo isomers a carbohydrate can have?
8. What is a cyclic hemiacetal position?
9. What is Haworth projection?
10. What is Fischer projection?
11. What is chair conformational formula?
12. What are anomers?
13. What is mutarotation?
14. What reactions are supported by reducing sugars?
15. Give two examples of disaccharides.
16. What is invert sugar?
17. what are hydrates of carbon?
18. Give the structure of Ketopentose.
19. give the structure of ketotriose.
20. Give the structure of aldotetrose.
21. Give 5 sugars and rank them in relative order of sweetness.
For answers
www.iit-jee-chemistry-aps.blogspot.com
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions 32. Aminoacids and Peptides
Amino acids and peptides: General structure (only primary structure for peptides) and physical properties.
-----------------
I. simple Questions
1. What are amino acids?
2. What is the link between amino acids and proteins?
3. Give two examples of amino acids with Nonpolar R Group.
4. Give two examples of Amino acids with Polar R Group.
5. Give two examples of amino acids with charged R group.
6. Give two examples of amino acids that cannot be made by human body.
7. What is chiral nature of amino acids?
8. What zwitterion?
9. What is peptide linkage?
10. What is a dipeptide?
11. What is the relation between peptide and protein?
12. What is the simplest amino acid?
First answer the questions yourself using the text book. If required visit www.iit-jee-chemistry-aps.blogspot.com for answers
-----------------
I. simple Questions
1. What are amino acids?
2. What is the link between amino acids and proteins?
3. Give two examples of amino acids with Nonpolar R Group.
4. Give two examples of Amino acids with Polar R Group.
5. Give two examples of amino acids with charged R group.
6. Give two examples of amino acids that cannot be made by human body.
7. What is chiral nature of amino acids?
8. What zwitterion?
9. What is peptide linkage?
10. What is a dipeptide?
11. What is the relation between peptide and protein?
12. What is the simplest amino acid?
First answer the questions yourself using the text book. If required visit www.iit-jee-chemistry-aps.blogspot.com for answers
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions 33. Polymers
Properties and uses of some important polymers: Natural rubber, cellulose, nylon, teflon and PVC.
---------------
I. Simple Questions
1. What is a polymer?
2. Give two examples of natural polymers.
3. What are homopolymers?
4. What are step-growth polymers?
5. What are chain growth polymers?
6. What are elastomers?
7. Give two examples of fibres.
8. What is a thermoplastic?
9. What is the monomer for polymer polyvinyl acetate?
10. How do you get isomers of Poly(1,3-butadiene) from butadiene?
11. Give two examples of copolymers.
12. What vulcanizatin of rubber?
13. Give tow examples of step growth polymers.
14. How do you get nylon-66 polymer?
15. How do you produce bakelite?
16. What are the monomers of Buna-S polymer?
17. What do you get by polymerisation of caprolactum?
18. What is monomer of teflon?
19. What is monomer of synthetic rubber?
20. What is the monomer of starch?
First answer the questions yourself using the text book. If required visit www.iit-jee-chemistry-aps.blogspot.com for answers
---------------
I. Simple Questions
1. What is a polymer?
2. Give two examples of natural polymers.
3. What are homopolymers?
4. What are step-growth polymers?
5. What are chain growth polymers?
6. What are elastomers?
7. Give two examples of fibres.
8. What is a thermoplastic?
9. What is the monomer for polymer polyvinyl acetate?
10. How do you get isomers of Poly(1,3-butadiene) from butadiene?
11. Give two examples of copolymers.
12. What vulcanizatin of rubber?
13. Give tow examples of step growth polymers.
14. How do you get nylon-66 polymer?
15. How do you produce bakelite?
16. What are the monomers of Buna-S polymer?
17. What do you get by polymerisation of caprolactum?
18. What is monomer of teflon?
19. What is monomer of synthetic rubber?
20. What is the monomer of starch?
First answer the questions yourself using the text book. If required visit www.iit-jee-chemistry-aps.blogspot.com for answers
IIT JEE Chemistry Questions Ch.34 34. Exercises in Organic Chemistry
Practical organic chemistry:
Detection of elements (N, S, halogens);
Detection and identification of the following functional groups:
hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic),
carbonyl (aldehyde and ketone),
carboxyl,
amino and nitro;
Chemical methods of separation of mono-functional organic compounds from binary mixtures.
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Detection of elements (N, S, halogens);
Detection and identification of the following functional groups:
hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic),
carbonyl (aldehyde and ketone),
carboxyl,
amino and nitro;
Chemical methods of separation of mono-functional organic compounds from binary mixtures.
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IIT JEE Chemistry Question Bank Straight MCQ
IIT JEE Chemistry Question Bank Straight Multiple Choice Questions
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