Haloalkanes and Halo Arenes - Conceptual Questions

1. What are haloalkanes?
2. What are haloarenes?
3. What is the classification of haloalkanes on the basis of halogen atom?
4. What is the classification of haloalkanes on the basis of number of halogen atoms?
5. What are primary, secondary and tertiary haloalkanes?
6. What are allylic halides and what is allylic carbon?
7. What is benzylic carbon?
8. What are vinylic halides?
9. What are aryl halides?
10. What is the common system of nomenclature of monohalogen derivatives?
11. What is the IUPAC system of nomenclature of monohalogen derivatives?
12 . What are the common and IUPAC system of nomenclature of dihalo and polyhalo derivatives?
13. What is the common system of nomenclature of aryl halides?
14. What is the IUPAC system of nomenclature of aryl halides?
15. Explain chain isomerism in haloalkanes?
16. Explain position isomerism in haloalkanes?

17. Explain the following methods of preparing haloalkanes.
A. From hydrocarbons
a) from alkanes:
b) from alkenes

B. From alcohols:
(i) By the action of halogen acids on alcohols
(ii) Reaction of alcohols with phosphorus halides
(iii) By the action of thionyl chloride on alcohol
C. By Halide Exchange
D. Preparation of alkyl halides from silver salts of acids.


18. What are physical properties of haloalkanes?
a. Physical state and smell
b. Boiling points
c. Solubility in water

19. What is the nature of C-X bond in haloalkanes?
20. Explain the following chemical reactions or properties of haloalkanes.

Nucleophilic substitution reactions

1. Substitution by hydroxyl group
2. substitution by alkoxy group
3. Substitution by cyano group
4. Substitution by isocyanide group
5. Substitution by amino group
6. Substitution by nitrite group
7. Substitution by nitro group
8. Substitution by carboxyl group
9. Substitution by hydrosulphide group
10. Substitution by mercaptide group
11. Substitution by alkyl group

Elimination reactions

Reactions with metals
i. Action with magnesium
ii. Action with sodium
iii. Action with other active metals

Reduction

Rearrangement


21. Write short notes on following haloalkanes

a. Dicholomethane, b. Chloroform c. Iodoform d. Carbon tetrachloride