Aldehydes and Ketones - Conceptual Questions

1. What are aldehydes?
2. what is the electronic structure of carbonyl group?
3. Show the structure of ketonic group.
4. What is the difference between a simple ketone and a mixed ketone?
5. What is the common system of nomenclature of aldehydes?
6. What is the IUPAC system of nomenclature of aldehydes?
7. What is the common system of nomenclature of ketones?
8. What is the IUPAC system of nomenclature of ketones?
9. What is the system of nomenclature of aromatic aldehydes?
10. Discuss the chain isomerism in Aldehydes and Ketones.
11. Discuss the position isomerism in Aldehydes and Ketones.
12. Discuss the functional isomerism in Aldehydes and Ketones.
13. Discuss the metamerism in Aldehydes and Ketones.

14. What are methods of preparing aldehydes and ketones

a. from alcohols
b. from carboxylic acids
c. from acid chlorides
d. from Grignard reagent
e. from reduction of alkyl cyanides
f. from geminal dihalides
g. from alkynes – by hydration, by hydroboration
h. from alkenes

15. Methods of preparing aromatic aldehydes and ketones
a. oxidation of alkyl benzenes
b. from grignard reagents
c. reamer tiemann reaction
d. Gattermann Koch reaction
e. Rosenmund reaction
f. Aromatic ketones from Friedel Craft’s reaction

16. What are physical properties of aledehydes and ketones
a. Physical state and smell
b. Boiling points
c. Solubility in water

15. Chemical properties or reactions of aldehydes and ketones

1. structure of carbonyl group
2. relative reactivity of aldehydes and ketones
3. Addition of hydrogen cyanide
4. Addition of sodium bisulphate
5. Reaction with Grignard reagents
6. Addition of of alcohols
7. Addition of ammonia derivatives
i. hydroxylamine
ii. hydrazine
iii. phenylhydrazine
iv. 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine
v. semicarbazide

8. reaction with ammonia
9. reaction with primary amines
10. reaction with phosphorous pentachloride

11. Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones