Organic Nitrogen Compounds - Amines - Conceptual Questions

1. What are amines?
2. Amines are derivatives of __________________ .
3. What are quaternary ammonium compounds?
4. What are the various classifications of amines?
5. What is the common system of nomenclature of aliphatic amines?
6. What is the IUPAC system of nomenclature of aliphatic amines?
7. What is the common system of nomenclature of aromatic amines?
8. What is the IUPAC system of nomenclature of aromatic amines?
9. Explain chain isomerism in amines.
10. Explain metamerism in amines.
11. Explain position isomerism in amines.
12. Explain functional isomerism in amines.
13. Explain various methods of preparing amines.
1. From alkyl halides – by ammonolysis (Hoffmann’s method), by Gabriel’s phthalimide synthesis
2. Reduction of nitro compounds – by hydrogen, by active metals, and by LiAlH4
3. Reduction of nitriles (cyanides) and isonitriles (isocyanides)
4. From Amides – by reduction of amides, by Hofmann degradation method
5. From Oximes – by reduction
6. Reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones
7. From alcohols – Sabatier and Mailhe method
8. Preparation of aniline from nitrobenzene

14. What are physical properties of amines?
a. Physical state and smell
b. Boiling points
c. Solubility in water

15. Chemical properties or reactions of amines

1. Reaction with water – basic character of amines.
1a. Compare the basic strength of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
1b. Compare the basic strength of aralkylamines.

2. Reaction with acids
3. Reaction with metal ions
4. alkylation
5. acylation - Reaction with acid chlorides and acid anhydrides
6. Benzoylation
7. Schiff’s base formation (Reaction with aldehydes)
8. Oxidation – with potassium permanganate, with caro’s acid
9. Carbylamine reaction (or isocyanide test)
10. Reaction with nitrous acid – primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines
11. Reaction with Grignard reagent
12. Reaction with carbon disulphide
13. Reaction with carbonyl chloride (phosgene)
14. Ring substitution in aromatic amines – halogenation, nitration, sulphonation
15. Coupling with diazonium salts
16. Tests for amines

16. what are uses of amines?
17. How do you distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary amines?
18. How do you separate a mixture of primary, secondary and tertiary amines?
a. fractional distillation, b. Hoffmann’s method, c. Hinsberg’s method
19 Describe the following commercially important amines?
a. methylamine, b. Ethylamine, c. Dimethyl amine, d. Aniline, e. Diphenylamine, f. N-methyl aniline

20. How do you distinguish between ethylamine and aniline? – Azo dye test
21. How do you distinguish between ethylamine and diethylamine? – carbylamine test, Hinberg’s test


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Organic Nitrogen Compounds - Amines - Application, Example Questions

1. C3H9N represents

a. tertiary amine
b. a secondary amine
c. a primary amine
d. all of these
e. none of these


2. The compound obtained by heating a mixture of a primary amine and chloroform with ethanolic potassium hydroxide (KOH) is __________________ .

3. Treatment of ammonia with excess of ethyl iodide will yield

a. ethylamine
b. diethalamine
c. triethylamine
d. tetraethylammonium iodide.

4. The reaction of a primary amine with chloroform and ethanolic KOH is called

a. Fofmann bromamide reaction
b. Kolbe's reaction
c. Reimer-tiemann reaction
d. Carbylamine reaction

5.

Organic Nitrogen Compounds - Cyanides and Isocyanides - Conceptual Questions

1. What is the difference between hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen isocyanide?
2. What are cyanides and nitriles?
3. What isocyanides and isonitriles?
4. What is the hybridisation in cyanides?
5. What is an ambident group and is there an ambident group in cyanides?
6. What is the common system of nomenclature of cyanides?
7. What is the IUPAC system of nomenclature of cyanides?
8. What is the common system of nomenclature of isocyanides?
9. How are cyanides prepared:
a. From alkyl halides?
b. from acid amides?
c. from diazonium salts?
d. from aldoximes?
10. How are isocynaides prepared from from amines?
11. What are physical properties of cyanides and isocyanides?
12. Explain the following chemical properties of cyanides and isocyanides.
a. Hydrolysis
b. Reduction - (i) partial and (ii) complete
c. Reaction with Grignard's reagent
d. Addition reaction
e. Isomerism
13. What are the uses of alkyl cyanides and isocyanides?
14. How do you distinguish between ethyl cyanide and ethyl isocyanide?
15. What are the physical properties of ethyl cyanide and ethyl isocyanide?

Organic Nitrogen Compounds - Cyanides and Isocyanides - Application, Example Questions

1. Are hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen isocyanide tautomers?
2. Write the structural formula of acetonitrile?
3. Write the structural formula of ethanenitrile?
4. What is the IUPAC name of propionitrile?
5. Write the structural formula of methyl carbylamine?
6. Explain how do you produce propane nitrile from ethyl bromide?







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Organic Nitrogen Compounds - Diazonium Salts - Conceptual Questions

1. What is the general formula of diazonium salts?

2. How are diazonium salts obtained?

3. What is the nomenclature system for diazonium salts?

4. What is diazotisation?

5. What are the physical properties of diazonium salts?

6. What are the chemical properties of diazonium salts?
1. substitution reactions
2. Coupling reactions

7. What is the importance of benzene diazonium salts in synthetic organic chemistry?

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Nomenclature of Organic Compounds - Exercise 2

Can you visualize the structural Formula of the following compounds.

1. formyl methanoic acid
2. 2-keto propanal
3. 1-hydroxy 2-butanone
4. 3-ketobutanoic acid
5. 3-cyano-1,5-pentanedinitrile
6. propane-1-2,3-tricarboxylic acid
7. 3-(carboxymethyl) hexanedioic acid
8. 4-pentyn-2-ol
9. 3-(2-propynyl) cyclohexanol
10. hexanedial
11. 2-cyclopropyloctane
12. cyclohexanecarboxylic acid
13. 2-methylcyclopentanecarbonitrile
14. 2-methylcyclopentanecarboxamide
15. 4-chloro-N-methylcyclohexane
16. 4-methoxycarbonylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid
17. cyclopropane
18. cyclopentane
19. cyclohexanol
20. isopropylcyclohexane
21. chlorocyclohexane
22. 1-ethylcyclopropanol
23. 1-ethyl-3-methylcyclohexane
24. 4-chloro-2-ethyl-1-methylcyclohexane
25. cyclohexanecarbaldehyde
26. 2-methylcyclohexanecarbaldehyde
27. 1-cyclobutylpentane
28. 1,3-dicyclohexylpropane
29. 4-cyclopropyl-3-methyloctane
30. 5-cyclobutyl-1-pentyne
31. bicyclo [2,2,1] hept-2-ene
32. bicyclo [2,2,0] hexane
33. bicycle [4,4,0] decane
34. bicycle [2,1,1] hexane
35. bicycle [1,1,1] pentane
36. 8-methylbicylo [3,2,1] octane
37. 8-methylbicyclo [4,3,0] nonane
38. spiro [4,3] octane
39. spriro [5,2] octane
40. methylbenzene
42. isopropylbenzene
43. vinylbenzene
44. cyclopropylbenzene
45. phenylethyne
46. diphenylmethane
47. 2-phenylpropanal
48. phenylbenzene or biphenyl

All the organic compounds are discussed as examples in the explaining the rules of nomenclature in the Nomenclature chapter of Organic Chemistry by Arihant Publishers.





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